DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS: INTEGRATING MECHANICAL BATTERIES WITH DIODE RECTIFIERS FOR OPTIMIZED POWER MANAGEMENT

Abstract

This study investigates the development of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that integrates mechanical batteries, specifically flywheel energy storage systems (FESS), with diode rectifiers to optimize power management. The aim of this research is to improve the efficiency, power flow control, and overall system stability under varying operational conditions, including high-power bursts and continuous low-power demands. A MATLAB/Simulink simulation model was developed to analyze the hybrid system's performance, which was then validated through real-world prototype testing. The results demonstrate a significant increase in energy efficiency, with the hybrid system achieving up to 95% efficiency in high-power demand scenarios, compared to 85% without diode rectifiers. During high power spikes the flywheel operated mainly while the lithium-ion battery maintained continuous low output for effective energy storage distribution.  Effective SOC control by both components enabled maximum system durability and protected against both overcharging and deep discharge incidents.  The hybrid system showed excellent promise as an energy storage solution because it successfully adapted to various energy profiles that appear during renewable energy integration and electric vehicle operations.  The stability results from simulation and prototype examinations converged on a similar conclusion as past studies did indicate minimal energy dissipation (10%).  Experimental studies have validated using mechanical batteries with diode rectifiers as a practical solution to improve power management technology in modern energy storage applications including electric vehicles and renewable energy systems and grid stabilization.